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Electrical and Electronic Equipment: Types of Flame Retardants Used in EEE Applications
2023 / 02 / 11
Flame retardants are an important component in reducing the devastating impact of fires on people, property and the environment. Their areas of application in electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) vary depending on the materials being used, the function of the product, and the level of fire resistance that must be achieved based on fire safety standards. Flame retardants have unique characteristics, and, as a result, need to be matched appropriately to the materials used. In wires and cables, for example, the flame retardants used must meet fire safety requirements developed specifically for these products because they have the potential for spreading a fire to the electrical socket, and to walls and curtains. The level of flame retardancy required for printed wiring boards used in consumer mobile phones is different than that of wiring boards used in computer servers or in telecommunications or aerospace applications. Higher electrical and mechanical performance demands must be met with flame retardants that can achieve higher flammability and fire resistance standards, without affecting a product`s performance specifications. When it comes to fire safety, one size does not fit all. Specific flame retardants must be selected carefully to meet fire safety standards, electrical and mechanical requirements. The following classes of flame retardants used in EEE include: · Bromine-based
EEE Products that Use Flame Retardants
2023 / 02 / 11
The use of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) is pervasive everywhere we live, work and do business. We rely on these products and devices to work properly-and safely-and we rarely think about how they are made. Flame retardants are incorporated into a wide variety of electrical and electronic products used by consumers, businesses, and the medical and transportation industries to meet fire safety standards. These include complex electrical and electronic devices that demand high performance electrical properties, but must also have important fire-resistant characteristics, such as those used in military applications. The diverse EEE applications and product uses, from the USB ports and insulated cables we plug into our computers to the printed wiring boards in the control panels of jets, all have different flame retardant needs. As a result, flame retardant solutions are carefully matched to the materials used in each application. Learn more about how flame retardants work. Some of the many examples of products that rely on flame retardants to achieve flammability standards include: Consumer electronics (i.e., smart
What Are The Different Types Of Pipe Fitting? -4
2023 / 02 / 11
Here's How To Measure Pipe and Fitting Sizes It's crucial that your measurements are accurate as they will determine the success of the project. Firstly, ensure that you are equipped with the right supplies, and this guide will help you to measure the size & fittings of pipes. When discussing pipes and fittings, finding out the exact size is necessary, but it can be confusing sometimes. Take proper care of the right supplies as you may never want to be stuck in between the process and realize that specific pieces don't fit properly. Understanding how to assess pipe sizes & fittings is not as easy task as you think, but it will never give you a headache, so don't stress at all. Find the right tool for your subsequent installation or repair with this article. Measure The Nominal Pipe Size
Welcome to visit us @Chinaplas 2023 on 17 - 20 APR.
2023 / 02 / 11
Novista will attend Chinaplas 2023 on 17 - 20 APR. We would like to welcome you to visit our booth. - Location: Shenzhen World Exhibition & Convention Center ( Bao'an New Venue), PR China - Booth No.: 15B13 PVC Impact Modifier PVC Additives PVC Processing Aid Acrylic Impact Modifier Acrylic Processing Aid PVC Heat Stabilizer PVC Lubricant CPVC Compound CPVC Additives
What Are The Different Types Of Pipe Fitting? -1
2023 / 02 / 06
All the plumbing and piping systems that are used in various commercial & industrial applications eventually require pipe fittings. Pipe fittings are available in different shapes & sizes, and they can also be costly. Also, there are hundreds & thousands of specialized fittings getting manufactured every day. Each & every type of pipe or tube needs a similar kind of fitting, but in a broader perspective, all pipe fittings share few ordinary features with each other. It is pretty evident that pipe fittings are affixed at the end of pipes in order to enable them to regulate the flow, shift direction, and modify the diameter of the pipe. If you are a non-trivial part of piping and plumbing systems, then you can consult us anytime with your requirements. It is certainly recommended to save money, materials, and time for yourself and, most importantly, get rid of unnecessary headaches. There are numerous types of pipe fittings available in plumbing systems for different objectives and purposes. Pipe fittings are utilized in plumbing systems to combine multiple pipes of similar stature or even different sizes to control the flow or being able to gauge the flow. These pipe fittings are made up of different elements such as P
What Are The Different Types Of Pipe Fitting? -2
2023 / 02 / 06
1) Elbow Pipe Fittings Elbows are generally utilized to make a shift in the direction of the flow between two pipes. Elbow pipe fittings are mainly available with an angle of 22.5°, 45° or 90°. If the pipes are of the exact same diameter, then normal elbows are preferred, or else reducer elbows are utilized. Elbows are prepared using different types of substances. These usually come up with female threads and can be fixed easily by socket or butt welding as well. 2) Tee type Pipe Fittings Tee type pipe fitting is a part of the plumbing system, which is basically in the form of a T-shape. It comprises one inlet and two outlets, and the outlets are organized at 90° to the central line connection, i.e. inlet. This type of pipe fitting can also be used for combining the flow from two inlets to a single outlet. If the three sides of T-fitting are of the same sizes, then it is known as "Equal Tee", and if it's not
What Are The Different Types Of Pipe Fitting? -3
2023 / 02 / 06
5) Cross-type Pipe Fittings Cross-type pipe fittings consist of four openings in all four directions. These fittings are connected only when there are four pipes unifying at a certain point. These types of fittings tend to develop more tension on pipes as & when there is any change in the temperature. This is because they are placed in the midst of four connection junctures. Cross pipe fittings are commonly used for systems like fire sprinklers. Next, let's read about " Pipefitter". Definition of Pipefitter
What types of products use flame retardants?
2023 / 02 / 04
While an ever-evolving list of new products-from hair dryers and small appliances to laptops and flat-screen televisions-is incorporated into our homes, offices and commercial environments, we seldom think about how the products are made. Flame retardants provide consumers with a critical layer of fire protection and are vital to reducing the risks associated with fire. Today, flame retardants are used predominantly in four major areas: Electronics and Electrical Devices Television and other electronic device casings Computers and laptops, including monitors, keyboards and portable digital devices Telephones and cell phones Refrigerators Washers and dryers
Fast Facts on Fire Safety and Flame Retardants
2023 / 02 / 04
Recent news reports about flame retardants have been one-sided, inaccurate and misleading. The following facts clear up some of the misconceptions about flame retardants and highlight the benefits of this important fire safety tool. FIVE FAST FACTS: The threat of fire is still a serious problem. Flame retardants have played a key role in reducing the incidence of fire. But unfortunately, despite the perceptions of some that fires are no longer a cause for concern, fire dangers continue to exist. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) reported that in 2011: 1,389,500 fires were reported in the United States These fires caused 3,005 civilian deaths and 17,500 civilian injuries All fires caused $11.7 billion in property damage A fire department responded to a fire every 23 seconds One civilian fire injury was reported every 30 minutes
2023 / 02 / 04
Flame retardants are generally classified according to their chemical makeup. The most common classes of flame retardants are: Brominated, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Chlorinated and Inorganic. Brominated Brominated compounds are used for a number of purposes, but the major use is as flame retardants. Bromine interacts with the fire cycle in the gas phase to stop the chemical chain reaction that leads to flame formation and a self-sustaining fire. In essence, brominated flame retardants either prevent a fire from starting in the first place, or significantly slow a fire down. Brominated compounds also can be added to materials like plastic without altering their properties. As a result, they can be used in many applications. Highly effective, brominated flame retardants are used in a variety of materials, including textiles, electronics, building materials, plastics and foams. They are often used in combination with an antimony trioxide synergist. Phosphorus Flame retardants containing phosphorus interrupt the combustion process by promoting [charring." In the presence of a heat source, phosphorus flame retardants release phosphoric acid which causes the material to char and form a thick glassy layer of carbon. This carbonated char stops the decomposition process (pyrolysis) and prevents the release of flammable gases, essentially cutting off fuel to the flame. It also provides a barrier between the mat
2023 / 02 / 02
PVC is popular because it is strong and moldable. Manufacturers can heat it up and turn it into all different kinds of products, such as piping, siding, cable insulation, signs and more. To build upon those advantages in CPVC, the PVC homopolymer is subjected to a chlorination reaction. The chlorine (C2) and PVC resin react through a basic free radical mechanism, typically initiated by thermal and/or UV energy. The chart below shows the molecular difference between CPVC (left) and PVC (right), where the large chlorine atoms (red) increase exhibit the increased protection of the carbon backbone. In PVC, chlorine atoms occupy 25% of the bonding sites, and the rest are filled by hydrogen. The CPVC carbon backbone, in contrast, has approximately 40% of bonding sites filled by chlorine. The increase in large chlorine molecules is the key to protecting the backbone from decomposition. The most noticeable change from PVC to CPVC is its heat distortion temperature and pressure rating at elevated temperatures. PVC is pressure rated for use up to 140°F (60°C), while CPVC is approved for use up to 200°F (93.3°C). When industrial processing applications involve higher temperature and/or higher pressures, CPVC may be used. After the CPVC resin is formed from the PVC, Corzan Industrial Systems infuses it with additives that enhance other inherent properties, such as UV weatherability. Finally, the CPVC compound is produced as pellets or powder. CPVC resin producers-such as Corzan Industrial Systems-create compounds for partner manufacturers who produce pipes, fittings, sheet and more. The resin producers must produce compounds that fit the partner manufacturers` applications and manufacturing requirements.
How Melt CPVC Resin into Finished Products
2023 / 02 / 01
There are two common processes for creating finished CPVC products: extrusion and injection molding. CPVC Extrusion To create long, continuous shapes-such as piping and sheet-extrusion is employed. In extrusion, manufacturers take CPVC powder and feed it into an extruder. The extruder melts it and pushes it through a die head, which spreads it out as evenly as possible and forms it into the final shape. Then, as the material moves through the processing equipment downstream of the extruder, it is corrected to fix any disproportions. The pipe or sheet is then cooled, hardened, cut and prepared for use-usually in 10 or 20-foot sections of pipe or 4 ft. by 8 ft. sheets (in North America). Extrusion is efficient for creating pipes and sheet because the machine can run continuously, as long as material continues to be fed into the system, until a new product size must be made. CPVC Injection Molding To create the rest of the CPVC products available to the market-such as fittings, valves, flange adapters-manufacturers use CPVC pellets for injection molding. They use machines (like those in the image below) with a hopper on the top that feeds a specified amount of CPVC into the system. The system uses a high-pressure screw to melt down the CPVC and push it into the desired mold. After a few seconds of cooling, the CPVC is dropped out of the mold in perfectly formed, ready-to-use pieces.
The importance of Halogen-free flame retardant
2023 / 01 / 07
Halogen-free is a phrase that many of us recognise. It is often used in connection with cable products, and is generally understood to be a good thing. But why is being free of halogens a good thing, and what are halogens in the first place? Halogen is the name used to describe a group of elements on the periodic table that exhibit similar properties. These elements are: Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine Astatine Halogens are particularly useful elements in a wide variety of applications, from disinfectants to lighting. They are even essential for good health - with the exception of Astatine, the human body contains small amounts of all of the halogens. For the purposes of this article, their most useful application is a constituent compound used in electrical cables. One of the most popular cabling materials in use today is PVC (P
Study on Overall Effectiveness of Flame Retardants.
2023 / 01 / 07
There has been some confusion in the media about one particular study that evaluates the benefits of flame retardants- Fire Hazard Comparison of Fire-Retarded and Non-Fire-Retarded Products , V. Babrauskas et., al (1988). The U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards completed study, which was sponsored by the Flame Retardant Chemicals Association. The study was intended to measure the overall effectiveness of flame retardants, not any one fire standard. It does this objectively. Specifically, the study tests five product types: Polystyrene television cabinet Polyphenylene oxide business machine housing Polyurethane foam-padded upholstered chair Electrical cable with polyethylene wire insulation and rubber jacketing Polyester/glass electric circuit board. The study authors tested both the individual products as well as a simulated room that contained all of the products. In evaluating the simulated room, the following conclusions were stated: [For the FR [fire retardants] tests, the average available escape time was more than 15-fold greater than for the occupants of the NFR [non-fire retarded] room. With regard to the production of combustion products:
Experiment Showing the Effectiveness of Flame Retardant Use in Building Materials
2023 / 01 / 07
One recent fire that attracted significant attention due to its 100 fatalities was the Rhode Island nightclub fire. A less widely known element to the story is that many attributed the fire`s rapid spread to the soundproofing material used at the nightclub, which reportedly did not meet the flammability provisions required under state building code. In the aftermath of the tragedy, NIST ran a study to make specific recommendations to improve the fire safety of nightclubs as a result of the agency`s investigation of the Feb. 20, 2003, fire at The Station nightclub in W. Warwick, R.I. As part of their work, NIST scientists ran flammability experiments of non-fire retarded and fire retarded soundproofing material using similar pyrotechnics to those that were used the night of the fire. These materials were purchased from a distributor in several lots, but no information is given as to the types of flame retardants used. The study concluded the following: [The experiments that involved discharging pyrotechnic devices against a foam-covered wall demonstrated that the shower of sparks could ignite non-fire retardant polyurethane foam, but that the sparks were not able to ignite fire retardant polyurethane foam, wood paneling or gypsum board within the 15 second discharge. The ignition of the non-fire retarded polyurethane foam was similar to the ignition sequence observed in the video of the incident."
A Review of Recent Progress in Phosphorus-based Flame Retardants
2022 / 12 / 17
Recent patent and technical works indicate a growing interest in halogen-free solutions with the predominance of the literature focusing on phosphorus-based flame retardants. Patents published on the flame retardancy of polycarbonate and its blends significantly exceed the number of patents on flame retardancy of any other polymer. Bridged aromatic diphenyl phosphates, especially resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) and bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) have found broad application because of their good thermal stability, high efficiency, and low volatility. Another actively reported group of compounds are the metal salts of dialkylphosphonic acid as well as calcium hypophosphite, which have recently been found to be particularly effective in poly(butylene terephthalate) and polycarbonate. These products are synergistic with a number of phosphorus and nitrogen-containing compounds, such as melamine salts, which seem to be very efficient and commercially useful in nylons. Printed wiring boards comprise the largest market for flame-retardant polymeric materials. Recently, there has been a strong interest in halogen free solutions in East Asia and Europe. A recent halogen-free introduction is the 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide, which can be reacted into epoxies. Another reactive product with some processing and property advantages is poly(m-phenylene methylphosphonate). Because of the banning of pentabromodiphenyl ether in Europe and voluntary withdrawal of this product from the market in the US, the polyurethane (PU) indus
Characterization of Polyurethane Nanocomposites for Flame Retardant Applications
2022 / 12 / 17
In recent years, polymer nanocomposites have attracted extensive attention in materials science because they often exhibit a field of different properties from those of their counterpart polymer micro-composites whose matrices contain the same inorganic components. This novel polyurethane nanocomposite to reduce toxic gases was designed to improve the possibility to resolve several industrial and environmental problems after combustion as intoxication by inhalation. According to this, stoichiometry of rigid polyurethane foam was based on nonmetallic nanoparticles for fireproof applications. On the other hand, we realized synthesis and characterization for the novel polymer, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray scattering were applied to collect information on the nanometer-scale physical structure of the polyurethane nanocomposite. Also, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to understand the internal nanostructure before and after combustion, as well as the gas chromatography coupled system with thermal desorption analysis (GC/MSD), to identify the chemical compositions and compounds resulted by the combustion gases generated of the polyurethane nanocomposites foams that can produce toxicity. In addition, the mechanical and flammability properties of rigid polyurethane were evaluated according to international standard test methods of burning of polymer for example using test ASTM D635. According to this, polymer nanocomposites for flammability, not only improves the fireproof properties, but can also improve others properties as can be mechanical and thermal stability providing it the potential to bring true applications to materials to take advantage of the synergies in the polymer matrix. Based on this evidence, nanopolyurethane could be a new and functional polymer for construction, automotive, or textile
New Progress in transparent flame-retardant nano-composites coating
2022 / 12 / 17
In recent years, the fire occurs frequently, which not only brings tremendous damage to human society,but also poses a great threat to human life, property, and the ecological environment . In order to reduce impact on human life caused by the fire, people use various methods for material to prevent fire. People have pay great attention to the fire retardant coating,which can provide fire protection to the materials, without affecting their physical and mechanical properties . However, the mature products of fire retardant coating are so less, that can not meet the needs of society and people. In order to improve and enrich the fireproof coating system, it is very important to further study transparent fire retardant coatings, develop novel transparent fire retardant coating. In recent years, the research group of Yuan Hu, the Professor of the State Key Laboratory of Fire Science at University of Science and Technology of China, focuses on the new viable design method of novel flame retardant monomers by molecule regulation and the structure and composition change of coating. And a series of new progress had been made in the design and fabrication area of transparent flame retardant nanocomposite coating. The related research results have been published in a series of famous international journals, such as polymer, Materials Chemistry and Physics, Polymer for Advanced Technologies and admired three patents. Although the flame retardant coating c
2022 / 12 / 10
Causes of PVC pipe burst1. The purchased PVC pipes are inferior quality pipes and contain recycled materials. This kind of pipe is prone to bursting after being used for a period of time.2. The PVC pipe cannot meet the design pressure requirement. When the water supply pressure is too high, the pipe burst, the drum breaks, and the bag pick up.3. The PVC pipe is too long and the expansion joint is not used, resulting in excessive thermal expansion, pipe bursting, drum braking, and bag lifting.When purchasing PVC pipes, you must purchase qualified products according to the purpose of use, and install them in strict accordance with the procedures during installation, so that there will be no pipe bursts, drums, and packages.
Is the heavier the PPR fittings the better?
2022 / 12 / 10
PPR Pipe fittings such as PPR elbows or PPR tees are generally divided into all-plastic pipe fittings and copper embedded pipe fittings, so we will discuss the weight of the two PPR pipe fittings separately. First of all, whether it is all-plastic PPR pipe fittings or copper-inlaid pipe fittings, the PPR raw materials are used in the plastic part. The density of pure PPR raw materials is between 0.89g/cm³ -0.91g/cm³ . There are different PPR pipe brands and manufacturers due to mold design. Different, there are generally differences in individual size and weight. Secondly, in addition to the PPR material, what determines the weight of copper-embedded PPR pipe fittings is the copper label and weight. The copper inserts of the PPR pipe fittings we produce are made of HPB62 high-precision brass one-time forging, 4 layers, and 8 processes are used. The material is very elegant, our ppr pipe fittings are obviously heavier than the PPR pipe fittings produced by other factories, and more importantly, the main component of the weight of the pipe fittings we produce is copper. We all know that the price of copper material is 5-7 of the price of PPR material Therefore, our ppr fittings have better quality and better materials. What if PPR pipe fittings are produced from non-PPR raw materials, or if they are produced from non-pure materials? How to simply identify it? It is difficult to judge whether the PPR pipe material is pure from the appearance or weight alone. The simple reference method is: ignite the pure PPR pipe fittings, which are not black and odorless, and can pull out a long round wire. If it burns, it will turn black. If there is a peculiar smell, and the long round
How to deal with the burst of PVC pipe fittings
2022 / 12 / 10
PVC pipes can be seen everywhere in life, mainly because they are relatively light and easy to install and repair. Even if the household pipe is broken, you can repair it yourself. So what should I do if the PVC pipe fittings burst? Treatment method after bursting of PVC pipe fittings: 1. The number of leaks after the water pipe bursts is generally directly related to the water pressure in the pipe. Regardless of whether the water is dripping or gushing out, what you should do at this time is to immediately close the valve of the water supply pipe and report to the local property department for repair. 2. Bundle the damaged part of the water pipe with the special tape for repairing the water pipe. 3. In addition, it is also possible to repair cracks in water pipes with glass fiber tape or ring air resin adhesive. 4. If the water pipe burst is serious, you can wrap the broken part of the water pipe with a towel, which can prevent the water from radiating everywhere, and can also introduce the water into the placed bucket, so that the PVC pipe manufacturer will avoid huge waste. At the same time, the valve of the main water pipe in the household can be closed, and the tap water supply in the house can be completely intercepted. 5. If the cause of the pipe burst is that the pipe is too old, you should find a plumber to stop the inspection and repair it in time.
New process discovered to completely degrade flame retardant in the environment
2022 / 12 / 10
A team of environmental scientists from the University of Massachusetts Amherst and China has for the first time used a dynamic, two-step process to completely degrade a common flame-retardant chemical, rendering the persistent global pollutant nontoxic. This new process breaks down tetrabromobisohenol A (TBBPA) to harmless carbon dioxide and water. The discovery highlights the potential of using a special material, sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI), in water treatment systems and in the natural environment to break down not only TBBPA but other organic refractory compounds that are difficult to degrade, says Jun Wu, a visiting Ph.D. student at UMass Amherst's Stockbridge College of Agriculture and lead author of the paper published in Environmental Science & Technology. "This is the first research about this dynamic, oxic/anoxic process," Wu says. "Usually, reduction or oxidation alone is used to remove TBBPA, facilitated by S-nZVI. We combined reduction and oxidation together to degrade it completely." Wu emphasizes that "the technique is technically simple and environmentally friendly. That is a key point to its application." The research is featured on the cover of ES&T, which is widely respected for publishing papers in the environmental disciplines that are both significant and original.
Lifesavers in Demand: New Market Report on Flame Retardants
2022 / 12 / 10
In the event of fire, additives can provide the decisive seconds for rescue. [Flame retardants delay the ignition of flammable materials such as plastics, textiles or wood," [They slow down the spread of fire." About 2.26 million tonnes of flame retardants were processed worldwide in 2018. Construction Sector and Electrical Industry Are the Largest Sales Markets The construction industry is the most important application area of flame retardants: About 30% of global demand originate in this segment. Flame retardants are often used for insulation foams. In 2017, the catastrophic fire at Grenfell Tower in London has shown how important fire protection is. Electrics and electronics is the second largest application area, accounting for a global demand of 534,000 tonnes of flame retardants. Further applications are cables and products used in the transportation industry. Until 2026, it's expected demand for flame retardants in the segment transportation to experience the strongest percentage growth: approx. 2.8% per year. However, construction materials will continue to be the largest application area in the upcoming eight years. Regional Differences in Regard to Flame Retardant Types Aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) is currently and by far the most frequently sold flame retardant worldwide accoun
Rising Demand for Plastic Additives
2022 / 12 / 10
Most of the time, plastics would be useless without additives. Additives facilitate the processing of plastics, protect against heat and UV rays, and expand the range of properties by modifying material characteristics. [Only additives make it possible to permanently use plastics in ever new applications" explains Oliver Kutsch, CEO of Ceresana. The market research company analyzed the complete world market for all major plastic additives for the second time: fillers, plasticizers, pigments, flame retardants, stabilizers, impact modifiers, slip agents, antioxidants, blowing agents, as well as other plastic additives. Rising Demand for Plastic Additives Global demand for plastic additives amounts to approx. 33.3 million tonnes every year. More than half of this amount is processed in Asia-Pacific. North America and Western Europe follow at a great distance. As plastics are more practicable and lighter most of the time, they increasingly replace other materials such as wood or metal. Therefore, demand for plastic additives will continue to increase in the years to come. The latest study of Ceresana examines the respective development of particular plastic additives in the 16 most important countries in detail. Construction Industry Is the Major Consumer Plastics are increasingly used in all industries as they are more safe, more reliable, more lightweight, and cheaper. Many plastics are used in the construction industry in particular: They are increasingly becoming the first choice regarding, among others, the thermal
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