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How Flame Retardants Are Used in Transportation
2021 / 12 / 04
A wide variety of plastics, textiles and composite materials are used extensively in the mechanical, structural and decorative parts of today`s transport, including airplanes, trains and cars. These materials are: (i) highly adaptable to new designs; (ii) lighter weight, making them more energy efficient; (iii) less labor intensive; and (iv) more cost effective. Flame retardants are often used to ensure these materials can meet flammability standards. To make materials fire-resistant, flame retardants act to help stop or slow the spread of fire. They can be used alone, or in combination with other flame retardants that act as synergists to enhance fire retardant properties. If a fire does start, flame retardant solutions work in different ways to help stop or minimize its effects. Learn more about how flame retardants work. Different classes of flame retardants work to reduce the threat of fire hazards in different ways, and must be matched to the specific material being used and the performance specifications of the final product. There is no one-size-fits-all solution when essential fire-protection benefits must be balanced with ensuring optimal performance. Today, travel is safer than ever before, regardless of the mode of transportation. Thousands of people take to the highways, railways and air daily, and they do so with the expectation of reaching their destinations safely. Flame retardants play
The Plastic Profile Extrusion Process Explained-3
2021 / 12 / 03
Products Plastic extrusion is about using molten plastic to produce different shapes. The process can be used for industrial purposes or domestic uses. The technology can produce various products such as plastic films, medical packaging, hose mandrels, wire insulations, tubes and rods. Electrical equipment Extrusion is used in Electrical Products like the insulation of electrical wires. During this process, insulation is extruded around the wire when it`s pulled through the die. The wire must possess features such as abrasive resistance and strong electrical insulation capabilities. Insulation helps in preventing electric shocks and corrosion. Profile shapes The primary process used in the production of long cross-section shapes is extrusion. Most new homes today have vinyl slidings, developed using this procedure. The production of other profile shapes such as rain gutters and windshield wipers also uses the process. Polycarbonate sheeting Extrusion is used in the production of the impact-resistant glass replacement. Window glazing and machine guards can be made from polycarbonate sheeting. The sheeting comes in different thicknesses, depending on the purpose. Solid shapes Extrusion can produce solids in different shapes such as round, square or rectangular, and different lengths. Recycled plastics are ideal in the production of plastic decking and lumber. Extracted plastics are commonly used in fencing and outdoor furniture, such as benches. They`re better than timber because they`re weather-proof, splinter-proof and durable. You don`t have to worry about maintenance when you use these plastic pieces. Pipes Water and sewerage systems rely on extruded pipes in the form of PVC. The pipes come in different diameters depending on the need. For instance, the sewer pipes can be several inches wide, while others like taps have much smalle
The Plastic Profile Extrusion Process Explained-1
2021 / 12 / 03
Plastics are a popular raw material used in making a wide array of products, ranging from tubing to Energy-Efficient Vinyl Window Frames. The plastic profile extrusion process is a common procedure in the plastic-making sector because it`s readily available and easy to deploy. Many companies prefer handling plastics to other materials because petroleum-based products are easy to model. Read on to learn more about the profile extrusion process. Understanding Plastic Extrusion The plastic extrusion process is a straightforward procedure that involves melting down resin beads (raw thermostat material), filtering it and then designing it into a given shape. The rotating screw helps in pushing down a heated barrel to a given temperature. The molten plastic is passed through a die to give the final product its shape or profile. Filtering provides the final product with uniform consistency. Here`s a quick breakdown of the entire process. Step 1: The process begins by introducing raw plastic products such as granules and pellets into a hopper and feeding into an extruder. Colorants or additives are added if the raw materials don`t have some. A revolving screw facilitates the movement of raw resin through the heated cylindrical chamber. Step 2: The hopper`s raw materials then flow through the feed throat to a sizeable spinning screw within a horizontal barrel. Step 3: Different materials have different properties, including melting temperatures. As the raw resin passes through the heated chamber, it`s heated to its specific melting temperatures, ranging from 400 to 530 degrees Fahrenheit. The resin is thoroughly mixed by the time it gets to the end of the screw. (To be continued...)
The Plastic Profile Extrusion Process Explained-2
2021 / 12 / 03
Step 4: Before the resin is passed through a die to create the end product`s shape, it passes through a screen reinforced by a breaker plate. The screen removes the contaminants or inconsistencies that may be in the melted plastic. The resin is now ready to die as it`s fed into the cavity for cooling and hardening. Water bath or cooling rolls can help in fastening the cooling process. Step 5: The plastic profile extrusion process should be in such a way that the resin flows smoothly and evenly in the numerous stages. The quality of the final product depends on the consistency of the entire process. Raw Materials Used in Plastic Extrusion Process Different plastic raw materials can be heated and created into a continuous profile. Companies use a wide range of raw materials, including polycarbonate, PVC, recycled materials, nylon and polypropylene (PP). Temperature Maintenance Temperature plays an essential role in the entire extrusion process. Maintenance of the optimal temperatures is necessary to produce quality products. Failure to maintain the right temperature may minimize the uniform fluidity of the resin. There`s also the risk of the final product warping. You can tell if the temperatures are not constant when pressure, friction and other variables start to develop in the extruder. It`s essential to keep an eye on the heater to ensure no increase or drop in temperature. You can manage the heat within the extruder by lowering, raising or shutting off the heaters appropriately. Screw Design The screw plays a crucial role in the plastic profile extrusion process as it facilitates resin movement in different stages. There`s no other moving part in the system. You should consider the design of this device as it determines t
2021 / 11 / 27
As a general flame-retardant material, flame-retardant abs material has a wide range of applications, including: electronic and electrical enclosures, instrumentation, auto parts, switch panels, sockets, etc. The ABS material itself is a non-flame-retardant plastic. It is necessary to add modifiers, including flame retardants and other flame-retardant materials, to make the ABS material reach the flame-retardant V0 or even 5VA level. The oxygen index of ABS resin is between 18.8% and 20.2%. It is a flammable material and emits a large amount of toxic gas and black smoke. Here are several modification methods to improve the flame retardant properties of ABS resin: Add small molecule flame retardants, which include organic and inorganic flame retardants. Organic flame retardants include halogen compounds, phosphorus and nitrogen flame retardant compounds, etc., and inorganic flame retardants include aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and two oxides. Antimony etc. 1. Halogen compounds are added to ABS resin as flame retardants. The main mechanism of this modification method is: when burning, the flame retardant decomposes into halogen-containing gas, such as HCL, etc. The gas is on the one hand the chain of active free radicals. The formula reaction, on the other hand, isolates the oxygen in the air, so as to achieve the purpose o
What types of products use flame retardants?
2021 / 11 / 27
While an ever-evolving list of new products-from hair dryers and small appliances to laptops and flat-screen televisions-is incorporated into our homes, offices and commercial environments, we seldom think about how the products are made. Flame retardants provide consumers with a critical layer of fire protection and are vital to reducing the risks associated with fire. Today, flame retardants are used predominantly in four major areas: Electronics and Electrical Devices Television and other electronic device casings Computers and laptops, including monitors, keyboards and portable digital devices Telephones and cell phones Refrigerators Washers and dryers Vacuum cleaners Electronic circuit boards Electrical and optical wires and cables Small household appliances
Advantages of flame retardant masterbatch
2021 / 11 / 27
Because of the flame retardant efficiency, environmental protection, efficiency, convenience and so on, the flame retardant masterbatch has become an effective substitute for the traditional flame retardant and has been widely used in the various aspects of plastic granulation, extrusion, injection molding and other aspects. The effective flame retardant masterbatch is also known as the flame retardant masterbatch for modified plastics plant. The following advantages of using functional flame retardant masterbatch in modification plant. 1. Reduce cost With the progress of science and technology, the continuous development of carrier plastics and equipment, high concentration, high dispersion and high compatibility are possible. A small amount of carrier is no longer the main cause affecting the flame retardancy. Thus, the ideal condition of the exchange of flame retardant and powdery flame retardant is realized, and the flame retardant effect is not constant, and the flame retardancy efficiency is improved. Together with the organic combination of the fire-retardant masterbatch, the cost is reduced by the collective purchase, and the cost advantage of the flame retardant masterbatch is guaranteed, so that the cost can be effectively reduced after the customer is used. 2. improve efficiency
2021 / 11 / 26
Profile extrusion is a process by which various plastic materials are used to develop quality plastic products. These products have a continuous cross-section such as pipe, drinking straws, decorative molding, eavestroughing, window trimming and many others. The basic procedure of profile extrusion is that the polymer is melted into a hollow mold cavity, under the influence of high pressure. Process of Profile Extrusion A wide range of special profile extrusion equipment are used to carry out this process effectively. In this process, first the plastic (pellet form) is fed into the machine hopper / extruder. Along with this, the material is constantly conveyed in the forward direction by the way of rotating screw which is placed inside the heated barrel that is being regularly softened by friction as well as heat. Then, the softened plastic is thrown out via a die, straight in the cool water that solidifies the product. From this point, it is conveyed to take-off rollers that actually pull the softened plastic from the die. The die is basically a metal plate which is placed at the extruders' end with a section that is cut out of its interior. This cutout along with the speed of take-off rollers are the two major factors that determine the final cross-section of manufact
2021 / 11 / 26
Profile extrusion is the process of making continuous shapes of plastic (not including sheet and film) by extrusion. Molten polymer is forced through a metal die cut into the linear shape of the desired finished article (channel, tube, etc.). The molten polymer exits the die and is drawn to the appropriate thickness in air. The article is then cooled and shaped by a forming/sizing collar in a water bath under vacuum. Cooling Use chilled water to allow efficient cooling during sizing and quenching while minimizing profile agitation. Use a cooling tank length so that the finished profile does not shrink or distort prior to pullout and cutting. Use sufficient vacuum in the vacuum box to achieve proper profile dimensioning. It should be kept low enough to prevent dragging on the sizing sleeve to eliminate chatter marks. Finishing Close control will need to be maintained on the cutting or sawing of the profile into the desired finished length to prevent splitting or shattering. A combination of part reheating and cutter-blade lubrication can significantly improve cut quality. Reheating the part can be accomplished by heated air or water. Use a reheat temperat
2021 / 11 / 26
In the plastics extrusion process, raw thermoplastic material, or resin, is gravity fed from a top mounted hopper into the barrel of an extruder. Additives, such as colorants and UV inhibitors, in either liquid or pellet form are often used and can be introduced into the resin below arriving at the hopper. The process has much in common with plastics injection molding though differs in that the process is usually continual. While injection molding can offer many similar profiles in continuous lengths, usually with added reinforcing, the finished product is pulled out of a die instead of extruding the fluid resin through a die.As the material enters the feed throat near the rear of the barrel it comes in contact with the screw. The rotating screw forces the plastic resin forward into the barrel that is heated to the desired melt temperature depending on the resin. In most processes, a heating profile is set for the barrel utilizing three or more independent PID (proportional-integral-derivative controller) controlled heat zones that gradually increase the temperature of the barrel from the rear where the resin has entered to the front. This allows the plastic resin to melt gradually as it is pushed through the barrel and lowers the risk of overheating which may cause degradation in the polymer.At the front of the barrel, the resin leaves the screw and travels through a reinforced screen to remove any contaminants. A breaker plate generally reinforces screens because the pressure at this point can exceed 5000 psi (34 MPa).After passing through the breaker plate resin enters the die. The die is what gives the final product its profile or shape and must be designed so that the molten plastic evenly flows from a cylindrical profile, to the product's profile shape.
Analysis of action mechanism of ACR processing AIDS
2021 / 11 / 26
ACR processing AIDS have three main modes of action, which are respectively promoting resin melting, rheological modification of melt and giving lubrication function. 1, promote resin melting: When PVC resin under shear force when heated, ACR processing aid first will melt and adhesion in PVC resin particle surface, because the ACR processing aid and resin has high compatibility and high molecular weight, increase PVC viscosity and friction force, shear force and heat transfer effectively to the PVC resin, acceleration of polyvinyl chloride molten. 2. Rheological modification of melt: PVC melt has disadvantages such as poor strength, poor ductility and melt rupture, while ACR processing AIDS can improve the above problems of melt. The mechanism of action is to increase the viscoelasticity of polyvinyl chloride melt, improve the mold expansion and improve the melt strength 3, give lubrication function: PVC processing additives and PVC compatible part of the first melting to promote the melting effect; The incompatible parts of PVC migrate out of the molten resin system to improve the demoulding. Quality index of ACR processing AIDS: Item ACR-401 Screening (sieve hole 0.45mm) 99% pass Characteristic viscosity (H) 2.0 ~ 4.0 Volatile, % ≦ 3.0 Specific gravity 1.05 ~ 1.25 Main uses of ACR: mainly used in PVC soft and hard products. Such as: pipe, pipe fittings, plate, profile, sheet, film and foaming table products, suitable for all PVC processing technology. Recommended dosage: 1-3 parts / 100 parts PVC
What are the benefits of using processing AIDS in plastic production?
2021 / 11 / 26
Some processing AIDS will be used in plastic production. What are the benefits of using processing AIDS in plastic production? Methacrylate polymers can enhance the rolling properties of PE. Alkyl methacrylate processing AIDS with higher alkyl carbon numbers improve the melt strength of polypropylene and facilitate thermoforming operations in the manufacture of containers and electrical enclosures. Methacrylate processing AIDS with lower molecular weight can act as rheological modifiers in ABS resin to reduce melt viscosity and make melt easier to process. Adding ultra-low concentration of fluorocarbon processing AIDS to extruded LLDPE film can not only reduce melt viscosity but also eliminate melt rupture. Due to its high strength and barrier properties, polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) resins are commonly used in packaging applications, especially for multilayer films and sheets. However, PVDC is significantly less stable than PVC, and PVDC usually degrades rapidly at the necessary processing temperature. Acrylic additives reduce thermal degradation while retaining most of its important properties. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) is another thermoplastic with good barrier properties, but it has very poor machinability at high temperatures and under shear stress conditions. Therefore, the use of high molecular weight polymers as processing AIDS in PVOH enables smooth melt processing without reducing the rigidity and barrier properties of PVOH. The melt strength and melt viscosity of aromatic polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) can be significantly improved by adding low concentrations of processing AIDS.
Types and characteristics of PVC processing modifier ACR
2021 / 11 / 26
PVC processing modifier is sometimes encountered in industry. What kinds of PVC processing modifier are there? (1) SBS is a ternary block copolymer of styrene, butadiene and styrene, also known as thermoplastic styrene butadiene rubber, which is a thermoplastic elastomer. Its structure can be divided into star type and linear type. The proportion of styrene to butadiene in SBS is mainly 30/70, 40/60, 28/72, 48/52. (2) ABS for styrene (40%-50%), butadiene (25%-30%), propylene vinegar (25%-30%) terpolymer, mainly used as engineering plastics, but also used as PVC impact modification, impact modification effect is also very good at low temperature. (3) EVA is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate. The introduction of vinyl acetate changes the crystallinity of polyethylene. The content of vinyl acetate is very poor. (4) Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) is a powdery product of suspended chlorination using HDPE in the aqueous phase. With the increase of chlorination degree, the original crystallized HDPE gradually becomes an amorphous elastomer. (5) ACR is a copolymer of methyl methacrylate, acrylate and other monomers. ACR is the best impact modifier developed in recent years, which can increase the impact strength of materials by dozens of times. (6) MBS is a copolymer of methyl methacrylate, butadiene and styrene.
Phosphorus-Nitrogen synergistic flame retardants in PBT
2021 / 11 / 22
Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) is easy to burn in air and must be flame-retardant treated in some applications. Traditional flame retardant PBT often uses bromine antimony flame retardant system, but bromine antimony flame retardant system will produce corrosive gas and smoke at the same time as flame retardant, which will often cause problems to the environment and health. Become an inevitable trend. Phosphates, phosphates, etc. have been successfully used in flame retardant PBT. Among the phosphorus-based flame retardants, nitrogen and phosphorus compounding is the most commonly used flame retardant system. Someone used diethylaluminum hypophosphite (ALPi) as the main flame retardant and compounded melamine polyphosphate (MPP) to study the effect of the compounded flame retardant system on the combustion performance of PBT. TGA was analyzed by thermal weight loss. LOI, UL94 vertical combustion and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs respectively studied the thermal decomposition process of the compound flame retardant system. When the mass ratio of ALPi and MPP is 2: 1 and the amount of flame retardant is 17 parts, the flame retardant PBT has better flame retardancy, with a LOI of 31%, and passed the UL 94 V-0 test; the TGA test results show After adding the compound flame retardant system, the initial decomposition temperature of flame retardant PBT decreased by 17 ℃, the thermal weight loss rate also decreased, and the amount of residual carbon increased. Aiming at PBT halogen-free flame retardant, Novista Group Ltd, launched
Several advantages of flame retardant masterbatch
2021 / 11 / 22
Because of the flame retardant efficiency, environmental protection, efficiency, convenience and so on, the flame retardant masterbatch has become an effective substitute for the traditional flame retardant and has been widely used in the various aspects of plastic granulation, extrusion, injection molding and other aspects. The effective flame retardant masterbatch is also known as the flame retardant masterbatch for modified plastics plant. The following advantages of using functional flame retardant masterbatch in modification plant. 1. Reduce cost With the progress of science and technology, the continuous development of carrier plastics and equipment, high concentration, high dispersion and high compatibility are possible. A small amount of carrier is no longer the main cause affecting the flame retardancy. Thus, the ideal condition of the exchange of flame retardant and powdery flame retardant is realized, and the flame retardant effect is not constant, and the flame retardancy efficiency is improved. Together with the organic combination of the fire-retardant masterbatch, the cost is reduced by the collective purchase, and the cost advantage of the flame retardant masterbatch is guaranteed, so that the cost can be effectively reduced after the customer is used. 2. improve efficiency The use of flame-retardant masterbatch makes the material more convenient, shorten the time, improve the working efficiency, and improve the mixi
Polyolefins flame retardant in china
2021 / 11 / 22
POLYOLEFINS are very COMBUSTIBLE!! Flame retardants should be required for various polyolefin applications. Novista Group HFFR product PNPO-G1 is equivalent to Japan Adeka FP-2200S/2500S. Excellent performance to flame-retard polyolefins (PP,PE) Novista Group supplies DBDPE, BDDP, FR245, SR130 to global market.
Will The Use Of PVC Processing Aid Increase Production Costs?
2021 / 11 / 19
On the surface, the use of any additives will produce the corresponding additional costs. However, for process additives, a large number of facts have proved that the additional cost of using PVC Processing Aid can not only be offset by the comprehensive benefits such as the decrease of enterprise management cost caused by the decrease of power consumption or the increase of production, the decrease of product waste rate, and the use of affordable raw materials. A large number of facts have proved that the use of PVC Processing Aid not only does not increase the cost, but also reduces the total production cost.The use of process additives is an important technical measure to increase the profit of enterprises.A large number of facts have proved that the use of process additives can improve the quality of products, improve the competitiveness of products, so as to improve the profitability of enterprises.
Selection of Impact #Modifiers for Polymers
2021 / 11 / 15
Introduction To The Characteristics Of Impact Modifiers
2021 / 11 / 15
According to a report by the American Plastics Industry Consulting Corporation, the global market demand for plastic impact modifiers in 2004 was 600,000 tons (approximately $1.5 billion in market value), among which styrene copolymers such as ABS, methyl methacrylate-butadiene-benzene Ethylene (MBS) has become the largest category of impact modifiers, accounting for about 45% of the market share, and acrylics accounted for nearly 30%; elastomers including EPDM and thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) account for about 10% of the market share; chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) ) Accounted for 10%, others accounted for 5%. It is predicted that between 2004 and 2009, the average annual growth rate of styrene impact modifiers will be less than 3%, while the average growth rate of other types will be 5%-6%. Since PVC is the largest used variety of impact modifiers, occupying about 80% of the volume, the increase in demand for PVC will also drive the demand for impact modifiers. Engineering plastic resins such as PC, polyamide (PA), polyester, etc. consume about 10% of impact modifiers. As the demand for engineering plastics is growing strongly, the consumption of impact modifiers is increasing. Polyolefin resin consumes about 10% of impact modifier. Experts pointed out that the development trend of impact modifiers in the future is better performance, cheaper price, faster action, improving the performance of the main material or making the components thinner under the premise of ensuring the performance. Among foreign companies, such as Arkema's Durastrength products can significantly improve the impact resistance of PVC. In addition, Compton, DuPont, Dow Chemical and other companies have launched their own suitable products.
The common flame retardant components of new energy vehicles
2021 / 11 / 13
Many parts of the car will use flame retardant materials, especially new energy vehicles, the application of flame retardant materials is more extensive. Especially in charging piles and battery parts, plastic parts are required to be flame retardant. Today, let's take a look at the common flame retardant materials and corresponding components on automobiles. Speaking of new energy vehicles, this is one of the hottest areas in recent years. For the material person, the most important thing is probably the application of new materials on the car. Compared with traditional cars, new energy vehicles have very different materials selection. For example, battery modules, charging piles, and charging guns must be made of flame-retardant materials. Let `s take a look Look! First, the charging gun As a charging connector for electric vehicles, the charging gun is a "bridge" that connects charging facilities such as charging piles and electric vehicles. The quality of the gun directly affects the charging performance and safety. The material requirements of the charging gun are relatively high. Common materials are: PBT + GF, PA + GF, weather-resistant PC, etc. Second, plug and socket The material of the socket plug is mainly PBT-GF25 FR / PBT-GF30 FR, PA66-GF25 FR / PA66-GF30 FR and PA66-GF25 FR / PA66-GF30 FR (Free of halogen). Third, the shell The shell of charging pile is generally made of flame retardant PC material. The material features are halogen-free flame retardant, high surface gloss, excellent electrical insulation performance, and excellent mechanical properties.
flame retardants in transportation industry
2021 / 11 / 13
The world is a much smaller place today thanks to modern modes of transportation. Decisions about vacation destinations or business travel now go beyond cities and states and encompass countries around the world. Travel, whether by car, train or airplane, is faster, safer, more affordable and much more comfortable than ever before. These improvements are largely due to the technologically advanced materials developed over the last several decades. Many metal transportation components of old, for example, have been replaced with those made with plastic, making transport lighter and more fuel efficient. A variety of plastics materials (e.g., flexible plastics, foam), composite materials, new types of textiles and electronic components have given transportation engineers and manufacturers a wealth of options when it comes to transportation design, function and performance. These materials, however, which are now used in transportation products and components such as structural parts, electrical cables and wires, carpets and upholstery, must also meet flammability standards and requirements. Often, flame retardants are incorporated into these materials to help meet these standards. Notably, the right flame retardant solution must be matched to the specific material
flame retardant necessity for Polyurethane (PU) Products
2021 / 11 / 13
1.What are polyurethane products? Polyurethanes refer to a wide range of products that include flexible foams used in furniture and automobiles, rigid foams used as building insulation, durable coatings, adhesives and sealants, and even certain items of apparel. 2.Can polyurethane products burn? As with other common organic materials, polyurethane foam products are combustible when exposed to a sufficient ignition source. For that reason, to maximize their safety many polyurethane products are flame retarded or protected by a barrier that can delay ignition, retard combustion, reduce surface burning, or otherwise protect the material from fires. 3.Do polyurethane products emit smoke when burning? Yes. Like any material in a fire, the amount of smoke generated is dependent on a number of factors, including the amount and type of burning material, the amount of oxygen available, and the temperature of the fire. 4.Do polyurethane products produce a unique toxicity risk in fires? No. While a range of airborne chemicals may be emitted during fire events involving polyurethane products, all combustible materials produce toxic smoke when burned, including wood. In terms of hazard, carbon monoxide (CO) is typically the most abundant toxicant in fires under
Replacement of lead based stabilizers with lead free stabilizers-3
2021 / 11 / 11
The other very new and emerging category of heat stabilizers is Organic stabilizers. They are being developed as effective, safer and more eco-friendly additives for PVC processing. The major component acting as primary stabilizer and lubricant is Calcium Stearate. Other than calcium stearate organic stabilizers are based on various organic compounds like alkyl/aryl phosphites, epoxy compounds, beta-diketones, amino crotonates, nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, organosulfur compounds (i.e. ester thiols), hindered phenolics, and polyols (pentaerythritols). These combinations of various ingredients provide a wide processing window. They provide high thermal stability and excellent reprocessability. Organic stabilizers are currently being heavily researched, and their use at the expense of metal-containing stabilizers is expected to grow significantly. Until 2016, 80% of the world`s manufacturers were using lead stabilizers, the remaining 20% are used to stabilize PVC food packing, mineral water bottles and pharmaceutical containers. Despite many advantages, the toxicity of lead has brought a restriction to the use of lead based stabilizers in PVC articles. This restriction brought a revolutionary change in PVC processing. In 2020, 50% of the world`s manufacturers are using Ca-Zn stabilizers. In Europe, Ca-Zn stabilizers already hold a larger market share than lead stabilizers. In the USA too, some large processors voluntarily switched from Lead to Ca-Zn stabilizers and brought a change in the industry. At the moment, the PVC pipes and fittings sector is seeing the development of Ca-Zn stabilizers with additional lubricants to achieve the perfect balance for pipes. Fine adjustments in composition can be made to serve a variety of applications. The Ca-Zn stabilizer systems for PVC wires and cables have gained importance during the last few years and their demand is still growing. Today, the different heat stabilizers for wi
Replacement of lead based stabilizers with lead free stabilizers-2
2021 / 11 / 11
Besides Ca-Zn stabilizers, Organotin mercaptide based stabilizers are another choice. These are generally available in liquid form, but nowadays powder form is also available with some manufacturers. Organotin stabilizers are very popular for transparent applications and rigid applications in America. They offer outstanding color retention in plasticized and rigid PVC processing. While selecting lubricants with tin stabilizer, stearic acid shall be avoided as it may form highly incompatible alkyl tin stearates and cause spewing in plasticized applications or exudation.Organotin stabilizers offer excellent thermal performance and therefore, are employed as the most efficient thermal stabilizers. They are more expensive than Leads, but as they are so efficient, processers with top-of-the-line extruders are reported to have come down to 0.3-0.5 PHR with the powerful methyl tins and being competitive to lead stabilizer systems.Organotin stabilizers are classified as toxic and a few are also classified as toxic for reproduction. Therefore, sufficient precautions have to be taken to avoid ingestion, skin absorption and inhalation. In the case of potable water pipe, tin stabilizers are approved in all Asian, European countries and the USA. However, in Europe, their usage in water pipe has been largely confined to France and Belgium, while it is the dominant stabilizer type used for this application in the USA. Following a risk assessment, risk reduction measures are currently under discussion at the EU level. The industry has already phased out organotin stabilizers in most of the applications.
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