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Silicon flame retardants in future
2022 / 06 / 11
Silicone is eco-friendly, widely available in nature and is easy to prepare flame retardant from it. The silica ash layer can also prevent oxygen from reaching the matrix. A novel, simple and low cost flame retardant containing phosphorus, nitrogen and silicon was synthesized [17]. LOI was improved from 18.0 to 27.1, wrinkle recovery angle increased from 800 to 980. A novel phosphorous-silicone-nitrogen ternary flame retardant (FR), [(1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-1,3-disilazanediyl)di-2,1-ethanediyl] bis(diphenylphosphine oxide) (PSiN) was synthesized. An UL 94 V-0 rating was achieved with 20 wt % PSiN in the epoxy composites. Silica tended to migrate to the surface of polymer for its low surface energy. Nitrogen components turned into gas in the combustion process. Phosphorus components played a role of FR in both condensed phase and gas phase. All the results indicated that current P-Si-N ternary FR might be a good candidate for epoxy flame retardancy [18]. Three novel phosphorus-based flame retardant monomers were successfully prepared by reacting 1-(acryloyloxy)-3-(methacryloyloxy)-2-propanol (AHM) with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene. With the aid of a photo initiator and a UV flood curing system, these monomers were cured onto cellulosic substrates to generate flame retardant coatings. All three monomers formed coatings under UV conditions in the presence of the photo initiator that were durable to extraction. Only 15 % of these monomers were required to prevent the substrates from combusting in the horizontal, 450 and vertical orientations [19
Bio macromolecular flame retardants
2022 / 06 / 11
Very recently, bio macromolecules such as proteins (whey proteins, caseins, hydrophobias) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) have shown unexpected flame retardancy on cellulosic or synthetic substrates [21]. These proteins are waste or by-products from the cheese and milk industry, DNA is costly, but DNA was extracted and purified from salmon milt. The mechanism is still under investigation -a stable and protective char (i.e. a carbonaceous residue) formed. Compared to proteins, DNA shows unique behaviour, since it contains the three main ingredients of an intumescent formulation all in one molecule. Phosphate groups able to produce phosphoric acid, the deoxyribose rings act as a carbon source and blowing agents (upon heating they may dehydrate forming char and releasing water) and the nitrogen-containing bases may release ammonia, DNA-treated cotton fabrics showed outstanding self-extinguishment features.
Future Market Trends of halogen free flame retardants
2022 / 06 / 11
The market size of HFFRs was USD 3.36 Billion in 2015 and is projected to reach USD 5.38 Billion by 2021, registering a Compound Annual Growth Rate of 8.4% between 2016 and 2021. The most preferred HFFR is ATH followed by organo-phosphorus chemicals, and others. The factors driving the ATH market are its low cost, easy availability, and high use in all the sectors [26]. Future FR materials should be [22]: a) Passes new flammability Test (based upon fire risk scenarios and fire safety principles). b) Environmental friendly, recyclable and sustainable. c) Recyclable could mean energy recovery until we can truly separate out the additives and recycle them. d) Inexpensive. The replacement of halogen-containing FRs by halogen-free FRs is a long-term process. The complete replacement of halogen-based FRs will be faced with many challenges. A feasible and practical strategy is to follow two routes. Firstly, the existing halogen-based FRs which cannot be replaced should be used selectively and in reduced quantities. Secondly, novel
Acrylic Processing Aid global market
2022 / 06 / 10
Acrylic Processing Aid is an innovative technique to enhance the quality of plastics. Different fabrication processes such as extrusion and injection molding are used to process plastic material with acrylic processing aid. The acrylic processing aid based polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plays a major role for manufacturing strong, flexible, durable, and cost-effective plastics. PVC is the largest polymer type segment of the Acrylic Processing Aid Market. Asia Pacific was the largest market for acrylic processing aid in 2019, in terms of both volume and value. Factors such as the replacement of conventional material with PVC and rising demand for acrylic processing aid from Asia-Pacific will drive the Acrylic Processing Aid Market. PVC is a synthetic resin, which is made from the polymerization of vinyl chloride. It has an amorphous structure with polar chlorine atoms and possesses fire retarding properties, durability, and oil & chemical resistance. It is an odorless and so
2022 / 06 / 10
What kind of role does ACR processing aid play in PVC? ACR processing aid can promote the plasticizing mechanism. Only plasticized and evenly good materials can produce PVC products with good appearance and mechanical properties. The agent has the following characteristics, and the ACR processing aid can make the PVC have a function of promoting plasticization. The characteristics of ACR processing aids are: 1. The melting temperature is lower than PVC, and the ACR processing aid is melted before PVC in the processing. 2. Because of its good compatibility with PVC, it can adhere to PVC particles after melting in the process, increase internal friction, increase shear torque, generate internal heat, make the temperature distribution in the material uniform, and the degree of plasticization is uniform. Promotes uniform plasticization of PVC materials.
Bio-based PVC- A revolutionary new technology-1
2022 / 06 / 10
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is the third-largest thermoplastic material used by volume in the world. It is also one of the most renewable plastic and is found in various forms and several rigid as well as flexible applications in everyday life. Like most polymers today, polyvinyl chloride is derived largely from fossil fuels. With today`s increasing regulations and driven by the increasing global focus on the circular economy, there is a growing demand for a specialist, renewable PVC that decouples its production from the conventional use of virgin fossil feedstocks. These bio-plastics are technically equivalent to their fossil counterparts; yet, they help to reduce a product`s carbon footprint. Developing plastics from soy, wheat, or even sugarcane is not new. Now, like several other polymers, advancement in bio-based PVC formulations or even produce bio-based PVC resins is gaining momentum. Two industry players – Ineos and Vynova – have developed bio-PVCs based on renewable ethylene feedstock derived from non-food chain-based biomass.
Role of stabilizer in retaining underwater volume resistivity
2022 / 06 / 10
The main function of heat stabilizers for Polyvinyl chloride is to slow the degradation process of PVC and make processing of polymer easy, like all other ingredients of compounding formulations, PVC heat stabilizers also affect the volume resistivity of the final compound. During stabilization reaction, many by-products are formed which affect water absorption and dielectric properties of the compounds. These by-products vary depending upon primary and secondary stabilizers used in the stabilizer formulation. For example in conventional Lead (Pb) based stabilizers like Lead Stearate and Tribasic Lead Sulphate after stabilization we get Lead Chloride (PbCl2) as a by-product. Lead Chloride is neither hygroscopic nor dissolves in water. Hence, compounds made using Lead-based stabilizers easily pass IS 694 test. However, things are a little complex in Calcium Zinc stabilizers. After stabilization, we get CaCl2 and ZnCl2. These salts (especially Calcium Chloride) are hygroscopic in nature. Hence when the insulation is submerged in water, these salts tend to actively absorb moisture which in turn affects the resistivity of the compound. We cannot use any other system in place of Calcium and Zinc stabilizers as they are core stabilizers, i.e. they are responsible for preventive stabilization action. Secondly to stabilize compounds for high-end applications, either we have to increase the dosage of stabilizers or we have to improve the efficiency of the existing stabilizer so that in a comparatively lower dosage one can achieve good properties. To solve these issues, at NOVISTA, we approached this problem with a different angle. Instead of only looking at stabilization process as a chemical phenomenon, we also used physical phenomena for improving the efficiency of stabilizers. In new generation Ca/Zn stabilizers we focus on the crystal structure of the stabilizers. A very unique particle morphology allows degra
How to install PVC flooring at your apartment?-1
2022 / 06 / 10
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is the third-largest thermoplastic material used by volume in the world. It is also one of the most renewable plastic and is found in various forms and several rigid as well as flexible applications in everyday life. One such application is PVC flooring, a.k.a. vinyl flooring, an excellent option for flooring for those who want to give an elegant look to their apartment. PVC is durable, water-resistant, flexible to accommodate and insulating, easy to install, available in various styles, colors and designs, and cost-effective. It is easy to clean and maintain, this makes it a popular choice for hospitals, care homes, kitchens, bathrooms, and so on. It lasts for years without requiring much maintenance. Hence, people prefer to have PVC flooring at their apartments. There are two types of PVC flooring, flexible (sheet and carpet) and rigid (tile and plank). The average cost for installation varies depending on the form; the average range is $1.50 (sheet vinyl) to $6 or more (LVP and LVT) per square foot. PVC flooring conforms to the IS 3462:1986 standard, when tested by the methods given in IS 1464:1986 shall conform to the requirements.
How to install PVC flooring at your apartment?-2
2022 / 06 / 10
Tools you need to install PVC flooring at your apartment: Tools - Putty knife - Fine-notched trowel - Steel hand roller - Utility knife - Tape measure - Handsaw Materials - Masking tape - Plywood - Vinyl flooring - Adhesive - Patching compound - Builder's craft paper Preparing to Install PVC Flooring All polyvinyl flooring has the same basic preparation requirements. Before you begin, you'll need to sweep the installation site carefully to ensure that all the loose dirt is removed. Then, mop the floor with a pH-neutral cleaner. You can either make this or buy it from most big box stores. Next, you'll have to dry the floor. When you dry, take care that the towel is clean and that you leave no debris. Once the floor is clean and dry, ensure that the area is completely flat. It's best to use a level so you can mark areas that are too high or too low. If the floor is going to be made with tiles, it's especially important to make sure it's level to reduce the risk of tile drift over time. To even out the floor, you may have to use a grinder or sander. This will allow you to smooth out the higher areas. Once you have ground these peaks down, recheck them with your level. After sweeping and mopping the floor again, you can proceed to fill in the low areas of the floor with self-leveling compounds, which can be purchased at your local hardware store.
How to install PVC flooring at your apartment?-3
2022 / 06 / 10
Installing the PVC flooring Step 1: Layout the vinyl flooring in the room and mark the area where the excess will be cut out. Cut with a utility knife or heavy-duty shears. Save any excess vinyl flooring for installing in a closet, laundry room, or small bathroom. Step 2: Lay the flooring in its final position with plenty of excess around each wall. Make relief cuts around obstructions. For an inside corner, cut small half-circles until the vinyl lies flat to the floor. For an outside corner, make straight relief cuts. Step 3: Roll back the vinyl flooring next to the wall to expose the subfloor. To create a partial template along the wall (to make an exact cut), roll out some of the roll of craft paper along the length of the wall. Step 4: Line up the edge of the craft paper against the wall and lightly tape down the paper to the floor using very small pieces of masking tape approximately every 2 feet (this is only to keep the craft paper from moving on the floor). Apply a strip of double-stick tape every 2 feet or so to the craft paper and remove the backing from the top side of the tape. Step 5: Roll the vinyl back into position over the template and press down firmly to adhere the vinyl to the template. Gently lift the vinyl back up to reveal the template stuck to the vinyl backing. The outer edge of the paper is where the vinyl should be cut. Step 6: Using a straightedge and a protective piece of scrap wood to lie underneath the vinyl, and carefully cut the vinyl along the template edge. Repeat steps 6 through 8 along each wall in the room. The vinyl should be in its final position and trimmed exactly to each wall. Step 7: For perimeter adhesion: Open the can of adhesive material and, using a fine-notched trowel, spread a band along the wall
Bio-based PVC- A revolutionary new technology-2
2022 / 06 / 10
The properties of bio-based PVC can vary considerably from material to material. Bio-based flexible PVC compounds use a non-phthalate plant-based plasticizer made from renewable feedstock rather than using a traditional petroleum-based plasticizer. Bio-based compounds have the same feel, strength, and ease of processing as traditional PVC compounds. This bio-based PVC cannot be distinguished from conventional plastics other than by scientific analysis. It is durable, light, strong, and fire-resistant, with excellent insulating properties and low permeability. By using various additives in the manufacturing process, features such as strength, rigidity, color, and transparency can be adjusted to meet specific needs. The compounds are suitable for both injection molding and extrusion processing. It is suitable for several applications in agriculture, footwear, automotive, and medical applications. This gives customers the confidence that they are choosing a high quality, sustainable product without compromising the unique product qualities such as durability, strength, and recyclability that make PVC one of the most widely used, sustainable plastics in the world value-added applications across a range of industry sectors, including highly specialized end-uses such as automotive and medical. The products from bio-based PVC help to reduce climate and environmental impacts in an even broader range of applications that have a proven positive environmental impact whilst retaining the same high performance and quality standards expected by customers.
How to choose pvc internal and external lubricants
2022 / 05 / 28
How to choose pvc internal and external lubricants 1. The melting point of the internal and external lubricants of pvc is usually 50-60°C lower than the molding temperature. 2. The fluidity, anti-adhesion and plasticization rate of the plastic must be properly balanced. Balance internal and external lubricants. 3. Maintain the integrity of the lubrication effect in the early, middle and late stages of the system. 4. No negative effects on secondary processing (heat sealing, lamination, printing, etc.). 5. The lubricant has good dispersibility in the resin, and if necessary, a dispersant is added. 6. Pay attention to the interaction with other additives (plasticizers, heat stabilizers, antioxidants, fillers, impact agents, etc.). Novista Chemical's main products are PVC processing internal and external lubricants, MBS resin, ACR resin.
detailed introduction to the role and categories of PVC lubricants
2022 / 05 / 28
A detailed introduction to the role and categories of PVC lubricants Regarding the mechanism of action of PVC lubricants, PVC lubricants can be divided into two categories: external lubricants and internal lubricants. Since the factors affecting the effect of lubricants are extremely complex and there are many factors, the editor will briefly introduce them here: First, the main softening mechanism or plasticizing mechanism of PVC lubricants. For PVC profiles, plasticizers and lubricants can usually be considered the same type of material, but since PVC plastics are often considered the same type of material used for PVC profiles, PVC lubricants have a longer carbon chain and low polarity. Therefore, the compatibility between the PVC profile and the lubricant will be significantly reduced, and only a small fraction of the PVC lubricant molecules can penetrate into the molecular chains of the polymer, further weakening the mutual attraction between the molecular chains . This will make it easier for the polymer chains to spin and slide between the molecular chains.
The selection of impact modifiers
2022 / 05 / 28
Choice of impact modifier The selection of impact modifiers should pay attention to the following aspects: 1. The compatibility with PVC resin should be moderate. If the compatibility is too large, the two are completely mixed at the molecular level. The impact modifier may play the role of plasticizer, which is closely attached to the PVC molecules, causing impact The force acts directly on the PVC chain and cannot improve the impact resistance. On the other hand, if the compatibility between the two is too small, the uniform dispersion cannot be achieved, the adhesion to PVC is lost, and the impact force cannot be absorbed. 2. The glass transition temperature should be low, which can improve the impact resistance of PVC at low temperature. 3. The molecular weight should be high, and if necessary, it is best to lightly cross-link to improve the reinforcing effect. 4. It has no obvious influence on the performance and physical properties of PVC. 5. The weather resistance should be good, and the mold release expansion should be small. 6. Good processability for blending with PVC. 7, heat resistance (deformation resistance, thermal stability) is better. 8. Economical.
2022 / 05 / 28
Intumescence is the result of a combination of charring and foaming at the surface of the burning polymer, which protects the underlying material from the action of the heat or flame. Intumescent FRs (IFRs) is often used for applications requiring high levels of flame retardancy. They are highly efficient and low toxic. They provide very robust fire safety and flame resistance performance. The carbon agent forms multicellular charred layers, the char may be soft or hard [5]. Soft char IFRs: composed of a carbon source pentaerythritol (PER), acid source (ammonium polyphosphate) and a gas-blowing additive (melamine) harder char IFRs: composed of sodium silicates and graphite. These are suitable for use in plastic pipe firestops as well as exterior steel fireproofing. PER is quite costly. A possible substitute is green carbon agent is chitosan (CS), obtained by the alkaline deacetylation of abundantly naturally occurring chitin. A good synergistic effect observed when chitosan/urea compound based phosphonic acid melamine salt (HUMCS), was added to an IFR system for polypropylene (PP) [5]. A reactive, intumescent, HFFRs 2-({9-[(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2- yl)amino]-3,9-dioxido-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5] undecan-3-yl}oxy) ethyl methacrylate (EADP), synthesized from phosphorus oxychloride, pentaerythritol, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and melamine. EADP (Figure 2) exhibited excellent thermal stability and char-forming ability without affecting tensile strength of polypropylene [6].
Nano materials as a flame retardant
2022 / 05 / 28
Inexpensive nanoclays form 'nano-network' which spread out and dispersed through the host material forming a sort of gauze. The breakdown of material and the release of gas phase combustible molecules are slowed down or even prevented. Nano materials can be used as: a) Nano polymer composites b) Nanoparticles in traditional back-coatings c) Deposition of nano coatings on the fabric substrates. The DEROCA project (EU) studies the synergic effect of carbon nanotube (CNT) with phosphorus based flame retardants and other new additives in intumescent or carbon crust formation systems [10]. However, with any nanotechnology the potential for harm is associated with the size and shape of the particles [11].
Nanocomposites as a flame retardant
2022 / 05 / 28
Nanocomposites is a multiphase solid material where one of the phases has one, two or three dimensions of less than 100 nanometres, or structures having nanoscale repeat distances between the different phases that make up the material. Polymer layered-silicate nanocomposites (PLSNs) with silicate enhance mechanical properties, increase heat-distortion temperatures, improve thermal stability, decrease gas/vapour permeability and reduce flammability [12]. The use of P-N flame-retardant with montmorillonite (MMT) as a flame-retardant synergist for flame-resistant thermoplastics such as PP, PA6, and PA66 has been reported [13]. Chemically, montmorillonite is hydrated sodium calcium aluminium magnesium silicate hydroxide (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2•nH2O. Montmorillonites swell or expand considerably more than other clays due to water penetrating the interlayer molecular spaces and concomitant adsorption. By exchanging sodium cations for organic cations the surface energy of MMT decreases and the interlayer spacing expands. The resulting material is called organoclay [14]. Thermoplastic poly(ester ether) elastomers (TPEEs) are easily ignited and rapidly burned. TPEE nanocomposites with phosphorus-nitrogen (P-N) flame retardants and organic montmorillonite (o-MMT) were prepared by melt blending. A significant fire-retardant effect was induced in TPEE and rendered a V-0 classification in the UL 94 test [15]. Organically treated layered silicates (clays), carbon nano-tubes/nano-fibres, or other submicron particles at low loading (1-10wt%) are used for polymer nanocomposites. The polymer nanocomposites greatly l
Common faults and solutions of plastic pipe extrusion line-1
2022 / 05 / 28
During the production line of plastic pipes, due to various reasons such as the operator's unskilled craftsmanship and machine operation, the plastic pipes often appear rough on the outer surface, jitter rings appear inside, uneven wall thickness, and insufficient roundness. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the process in time and eliminate the failure of the plastic pipe extrusion line to improve product quality. 1. Rough outer surface of plastic pipe Adjust the process temperature; reduce the cooling water temperature, the best cooling water temperature of the PE pipe is 20~25℃; check the water circuit for blockage or insufficient water pressure; check whether the heating ring of the barrel, head, etc. is damaged; adjust the sizing sleeve to enter Water flow; check the performance and batch number of the raw materials; check the temperature of the core of the mold, if it is higher than the temperature of the die section, lower the temperature of the core; clean the aggregate of the mold; 2. Grooves appear on the outer surface of the plastic pipe Adjust the water outlet pressure of the sizing sleeve, and the water output is required to be balanced; adjust the nozzle angle in the vacuum sizing box to make the pipe cool evenly; ch
Common faults and solutions of plastic pipe extrusion line-2
2022 / 05 / 28
4. A jitter ring appears inside the pipe Adjust the water outlet of the sizing sleeve to make it even; adjust the vacuum degree of the second chamber so that the vacuum degree of the rear chamber is slightly higher than that of the front chamber; check whether the vacuum seal is too tight; check whether the tractor is shaking; check the main engine Whether the material is uniform; 5. No vacuum Check whether the water inlet of the vacuum pump is blocked, if it is blocked, unblock it; check whether the vacuum pump is working properly; check whether the vacuum pipeline is leaking; check whether the small hole in the middle of the mandrel compression screw is blocked, if it is blocked, use a fine iron wire to clear it; 6. The outer diameter of the pipe is out of tolerance
Common faults and solutions of plastic pipe extrusion line-3
2022 / 05 / 28
8. Uneven pipe wall thickness Adjust the wall thickness on the mold; adjust the nozzle angle in the vacuum setting machine and the spray box to make the pipe cool evenly; adjust the water output of the sizing sleeve to make it even; disassemble the mold, check whether the screws inside the mold are loose, and re-tighten; 9. The plasticizing temperature is too high Adjust the process; adjust the heating temperature of the mold core, and ventilate and cool the mold; the shear heat of the screw is too high, replace the screw; 10. Inaccurate cutting length Check whether the long wheel is compressed; check whether the long wheel swings, and tighten the fixing bolt of the long wheel frame; check whether the travel switch
Halogen-based flame retardants (Br-FRs)
2022 / 05 / 21
The Stockholm Convention (2001) listed 23 organo-halogen chemicals (including all BFRs) to be banned globally. The challenges of finding substitutes for banned halogen-containing flame- retardants include: A. Lower flame retardancy: Only 10 wt% of BFRs is equivalent to about 30-50% by wt of inorganic FRs B. High cost: Inorganic FRs is low-cost but require high loading. New HFFRs, on the other hand, are mostly costlier. The cost ratios (£) of BF-FR with phosphorous based and non- phosphorous based HFFR are about 1:6 and 1:2 respectively. C. Higher thermal stability: Many HFFRs decompose at higher temperature (about 400°C) than their halogenated counterparts (about 3300C). D. Melt-dripping: Melt dripping occurs with most polymers e.g. polyethylene, polypropylene, PET, ABS and so on. Flammable drips act as secondary ignition sources. FRs should make drips non-flammable. E. Deterioration in Mechanical Properties: The deterioration of mechanical properties increase proportionately with the amount of FR. Therefore, the de
2022 / 05 / 21
Phosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) (organic and inorganic) are more environmentally friendly, good thermally stable and have superior performance, resulting from the synergistic effect of P-N. They do not tend to form toxic gases since phosphorus is mostly locked into the char. Phosphorous FRs may be reactive (chemically bound) and additive (physical mixing) [2]. Lanxess [3] has developed is a halogen-free phosphate ester. The product that combines plasticising and flame retardant properties has a low odour and can be used in many plastics, coated textile fibres, tarpaulins, furniture and automotive interiors etc. It was found that non-halogenated phosphorus flame retardants have an environmentally friendly profile e.g. 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10- phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), (Figure 1). However, the chemical addition of DOPO to the epoxy resin significantly decreases the Tg of the cured epoxy resin. Hence, new multifunctional reactive DOPO derivatives, phosphorus containing oligomers and phosphorus-based curing agents that would not have a detrimental effect on the Tg of the cured resin are subject to extensive research [4]. Similar phosphorus contents are required for DOPO-based additives and for reactive DOPO derivatives to reach UL 94-V0 rating. Even though the reactive approach has yet to be adopted in industry, it has been subject to an ever-growing interest from the academic community. Indeed, the reactive P-H bond of hydrogen phosphonates or phosphinates enables to covalen
Nitrogen FRs in future of china
2022 / 05 / 21
This class consists of pure melamine, melamine derivatives, i.e. salts with organic or inorganic acids such as boric acid, cyanuric acid, phosphoric acid or pyro/poly-phosphoric acid, and melamine homologues. Combinations of nitrogen-based flame retardants such as melamine polyphosphate and metal phosphinates also demonstrated flame retardancy of composites that has repercussions on printed wiring boards (PWB) [4]. Novista Group supplies equivalent of FP-2100JC, FP-2200S, FP-2500S, Exolit OP1230, OP930, OP1312, OP1314 to global market.
Applications of Metallic Stearates-1
2022 / 05 / 20
Properties of metallic stearates due to the unique structure of having polar and non-polar nature in the same molecule can be used in various functions in a variety of applications. They work as reactive processing aids, inert process enablers, mold release agents, acid scavenging agents, dispersing agents, and hydrophobizing agents. Here are a few applications where metallic stearates are used. Polymer & Rubber Industry Metallic stearates have been utilized in the rubber industry for a long time. The primary functions of metallic stearates are their ability to prevent the rubber from sticking to the mold as well as to itself. Metallic stearates are primarily used as acid scavengers, lubricants, and release agents into the plastics industry, which is becoming increasingly important in melt processing. In addition to optimizing production, the use of metallic stearates allows the processor to produce finished articles with smoother surfaces and lower friction. The major types of metallic stearates that are used in this industry include zinc stearate, calciu
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Privacy statement: Your privacy is very important to Us. Our company promises not to disclose your personal information to any external company with out your explicit permission.